Airship is still in the FARs. Part 1 definition s "Airship means an engine-driven lighter-than-air aircraft that can be steered." and Part 61 pilot certification rules, etc. I guess that would be the Goodyear blimp. From what I've read airships are becoming popular again with several companies working on new designs. The FAA even has a relatively new webpage that talks about airships, airship regs and and how to get on certified: https://www.faa.gov/aircraft/air_cert/design_approvals/airships/ https://www.faa.gov/aircraft/air_cert/design_approvals/airships/airships_regs/ Best

(Written on 27/03/2021)(Permalink)

"...why air traffic controllers issue directions to turn left or turn right." The use of the words "left" and "right" (e.g. "Procedure turn, holding pattern entry, traffic pattern entry) are used by ICAO and are designated “left” or “right” according to the direction of the initial turn." E.g. "enter right traffic" or "enter a left holding pattern. This standard is described in: ICAO Document 8168 The Procedures for Air Navigation Services — Aircraft Operations (PANS-OPS) Volume I — Flight Procedures. And the FAA's Air Traffic Controllers instructions FAA Order 7110.65.

(Written on 27/03/2021)(Permalink)

"You even referenced many naval and nautical terms in your discussion here." Other than knots and nautical (as in speed and miles) I don't think I've referenced many "naval and nautical" terms. Please point hem out if I have and I'll correct myself.

(Written on 27/03/2021)(Permalink)

"ATIS - which all American pilots use- gives temperature in Celsius only, not Fahrenheit! How come?" The FAA standard is to use Celsius for temperature and knots for speed. Wind direction is always given in True. Reference: FAA Order JO 7900.5, Surface Weather Observations FAA Order JO 7210.3BB Facility Operations (ATIS Reports) "Better get your formulae or conversion charts ready, Jasper!" Thanks for the heads up. I think I already have (and have had for a long time) my conversion chart at the ready. It's in my electronic flight bag, in my Aeronautical Information Manual (AIM), Table 7−1−1 Weather Elements Conversion Tables. Reference: FAA Aeronautical Information Manual 13/30/2020 ed. All the foregoing documents free from the FAA' website by the way. I neither disparage or defend the "English system". Aeronautical and weather reporting standards, terminology and reporting are what they are. It is important that an aviator understand all of it and use the appropria

(Written on 27/03/2021)(Permalink)

"...most, if not all, aeronautical terms come from the days of maritime navigation " Don't think so. Very very little aeronautical terms and terminology come from the maritime community. As an example the aviation industry does not use terms like flotsam and jetsom, port and starboard, bridge and keel, cans or nuns, freeboard and adrift, away and awash, on and on. Please read: History and Etymology for the word Nautical Latin nauticus, from Greek nautikos, from nautēs sailor, from naus ship or pertaining to sailors, seamanship, or navigation; maritime. History and Etymology for the word not Old English cnotta "intertwining of ropes, cords, etc.," from Proto-Germanic *knuttan- (source also of Low German knütte, Old Frisian knotta "knot," Dutch knot, Old High German knoto, German Knoten, perhaps also Old Norse knutr "knot, knob") is the the nautical unit of measure of speed (1630s) is from the practice of attaching knotted string to the log line at equal distances The ship'

(Written on 26/03/2021)(Permalink)

I used to think that Lake Superior was pretty arrogant. But if you think about it.. All the Great Lakes are completely full of themselves. What do you call an arrogant criminal going down a set of stairs? A condescending con descending Best J Buck

(Written on 26/03/2021)(Permalink)

See the following FAA guidance; Advisory Circular AC No: 20-165 Date: 5/21/2010 Airworthiness Approval of Automatic Dependent Surveillance - Broadcast (ADS-B) Out Systems Appendix 1. Message Elements Descriptions 1. Position. These parameters are derived from the position source and provide a geometric based position. Reference all geometric position elements broadcast from the ADS-B unit to the World Geodetic System 1984 (WGS-84) ellipsoid. Latitude and longitude is required to be transmitted by 14 CFR § 91.227. https://www.faa.gov/documentLibrary/media/Advisory_Circular/AC%2020-165.pdf https://www.faa.gov/documentLibrary/media/Advisory_Circular/AC_90-114B.pdf Also see: AERONAUTICAL INFORMATION PUBLICATION UNITED STATES OF AMERICA TWENTY-FOURTH EDITION DATED 10 NOV 2016 Geodetic Reference Datum 3.1 All published geographic coordinates indicating latitude and longitude are expressed in terms of the World Geodetic System − 1984 (WGS−84) geodetic reference

(Written on 26/03/2021)(Permalink)

"Thinking a bit like why railroad tracks are the width they are..." 4 feet 8.5 inches on center between the rails. I do know that. Can't really speak to the "A" type of containers. The FAA has no rules or guidance on cargo containers being of a certain type. My last encounter with a cargo flight was in 1991 when Ryan International tried to takeoff with ice and snow on the wings of a DC-9-15 on a cold January night in Cleveland OH. They went of the side of the runway, wrecked the airplane, both pilots died, and the U.S. Post Office had to retrieve as much of the scattered mail it could. The accident report does not talk about containers except there were 6 of them, 5 stayed together, 1 broke apart. But since the subject has come up I will research the "Type A" issue and make myself more knowledgeable. Best

(Written on 25/03/2021)(Permalink)

"look at the round gauge airspeed indicator and see both knots and mph's" Very few of those airspeed indicators around nowadays. Mostly old ASIs from years ago in older Cessnas and Pipers. Maybe a Beech or two. FARS 23 and 25 now refer to Knots. Most ASIs are in Knots with no inner band with mph. I switched the ASI in my Cessna 182 to a knots only gauge long ago. There are number of repair stations that will rescreen the face of the gauge to get rid of the mph. The FAA/ATC/ICAO wants you to think knots. When ATC comes on he Air and asks you to slow to 200 or maintain 180 to the outer marker he means knots. Etc. Best

(Written on 25/03/2021)(Permalink)

A standard day, also known as the ICAO Standard Atmosphere, ISA is a standard against which to compare the actual atmosphere at any point and time. The ISA is based the following values of pressure, density, and temperature; Sea level Pressure of 1013.2 millibar (29.92 inches) Temperature of +15 °C (+59 °F) Density of 1,225 gm/m3 The standards used by the aviation industry for aircraft performance and operations. Which is why operations at Denver on a hot day require some due diligence as to available runway length and 2nd segment climb performance. Best

(Written on 25/03/2021)(Permalink)